Courses
Progressively reduce prompts from core operations to portfolio delivery.
Beginner's Route · 24 levels
01 Establish a sense of direction
Observe first, then check; understand the path and manual.
- Where are you now?
pwd - See what's in the workspace
ls - Go to project directory
cd - Return to home directory
cd - Read the workspace description
cat - Check the parameters of the copy directory
man
02 Arrangement and delivery
Build directories, keep originals, and reuse navigation in file tasks.
- Create a framework for new projects
mkdir - Leave a project description
touch - Back up first and then modify
cp - Find hidden configurations
ls - Give your notes a clear name
mv - Clean one-time downloads
rm
03 Save and filter
Master output saving first, then extract information from logs.
- save a sentence
echo - Continue to add notes
echo - Just look at the two lines of logs at startup
head - Read the last line of the log
tail - Filter out error logs
grep - Statistics log lines
wc
04 Combination and migration
Weave through text, permissions, archiving and system tasks to choose the right tool.
Everyday
Get to know the workspace
- Where are you now?
pwd - See what's in the workspace
ls - Find hidden configurations
ls - Go to project directory
cd - Return to home directory
cd - Draw a project map
tree - Check the parameters of the copy directory
man - What's in your toolbox
help - Find the program path of ls
which
Organize files
- Create a framework for new projects
mkdir - Leave a project description
touch - Back up first and then modify
cp - Give your notes a clear name
mv - Clean one-time downloads
rm - Remove empty directories
rmdir
Let commands collaborate
- save a sentence
echo - Continue to add notes
echo - Enter the release directory
cd - Exactly output a greeting
printf - Review what you have done
history - Refresh the screen
clear - Return a success status
true - Understanding non-zero exit codes
false - Generate a sequence from 1 to 5
seq - Understanding the wait command
sleep
Read and process text
- Read the workspace description
cat - Just look at the two lines of logs at startup
head - Read the last line of the log
tail - Filter out error logs
grep - Label errors with line numbers
grep - Statistics log lines
wc - Sort by numerical value in descending order
sort - Generate unique lists
sort - Extract specified columns from CSV
cut - Count duplicate names
uniq - Open the log with Reader
less - Change a reader
more
Permissions and links
- Make the deployment script executable
chmod - Protect private configuration
chmod - Leave it to the administrator
chown - Trial administrator command entry
sudo - View the current user's groups
groups
Packaging and compression
- Create a delivery package for the project
tar - Check before unpacking
tar - Compress and preserve original text
gzip - Recovery compression instructions
gunzip
observation system
- Observe running programs
ps - End runaway work processes
kill - Check disk space
df - View project occupancy
du - View memory overview
free - Record kernel version
uname - Confirm login identity
whoami - Give the machine a name
hostname - Record today’s teaching date
date - How long has the machine been running?
uptime - Number clearing available CPU
nproc - View login session
who - Identify the current terminal device
tty
Troubleshoot the network
- Send two connectivity probes
ping - Check the HTTP health interface
curl - Download remote configuration to local
curl - Download a health report
wget
Management services
mission challenge
Advanced
Get to know the workspace
Organize files
- Archive downloaded files
mv - Back up the entire project directory
cp - Extract filename from path
basename - What file is this?
file - Get only the directories in the path
dirname - Create a separate temporary directory
mktemp - Clear logs but keep files
truncate - Save copies of multi-level directories
cp
Let commands collaborate
- Save filtered errors
grep - Set project environment variables
export - Display and save at the same time
tee - View work environment
env - Only read the value of HOME
printenv - Clear temporary project variables
unset - Generate descending sequence
seq
Read and process text
- Uniform text case
tr - Are the two notes consistent?
diff - Number content including blank lines
nl - View three records in reverse order
tac - Reverse label characters line by line
rev - Merge three lists
paste - Confirm that both notes are identical
cmp - Expand tabs into four column intervals
expand - Change the leading eight spaces to two Tab
unexpand - Wrap every four characters into a line
fold
Permissions and links
- Check script permissions
stat - Set default permissions first
umask - Create a quick entry for notes
ln - Confirm the target of the quick entry
readlink - Unified directory owner
chown
Packaging and compression
observation system
- Get only the worker process number
pgrep - End worker process by name
pkill - Open process observer
top - In addition to username, what other groups do you belong to?
id - Observe logged in users and load
w - Read CPU structure and quantity
lscpu - View disk file system
lsblk - View the root directory mounting source
findmnt - Confirm that the file system is recognized by the kernel
dmesg
Troubleshoot the network
- Find out machine address
ip - Where does the traffic go out?
ip - Who occupies the port?
ss - Which address does the domain name correspond to?
dig - Use another tool to check domain names
nslookup - Query health interface response header
curl
Management services
- Why is the service not up?
systemctl - Start website service
systemctl - Let the website start up
systemctl - Find the last error in the service
journalctl - Fill in the missing HTTP tool
apt - Remove tools you no longer need
apt
mission challenge
- Leave a fault record that can be handed over
grep - Authorize the publish script
chmod - Clean temporary files next to logs
rm - List Challenge ① Filter records
grep - Delivery Challenge ① Download Configuration
curl - List Challenge ② Extract two columns
cut - List challenge ③ Arrange order
sort - Delivery challenges ② Start service
systemctl - Delivery Challenge ③ Start up
systemctl - Delivery Challenges ④ Backup Configuration
tar
Master
Get to know the workspace
Organize files
Let commands collaborate
Read and process text
- Looking for scattered logs
find - Turn off debug mode
sed - Generate statistical reports from role columns
awk - Find the intersection of two sorted lists
comm